In September 2015, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency revealed Volkswagen’s use of illegal “defeat device” software in its diesel cars.
The software routines allowed cars to pass emissions tests while still producing up to 35 times the legal limits of nitrogen oxides in real-world driving, setting off a scandal that is still being dealt with.
Volkswagen is proceeding with buybacks and modifications of affected cars, both in North America and Europe, but the excess pollution may have already had a significant public-health effect.
Excess emissions generated by Volkswagen diesel cars between 2008 and 2015 will cause 1,200 premature deaths in Europe, according to a new MIT study (via ScienceDaily).
Published in the journal Environmental Research Letters, the study looked only at the emissions from affected cars sold in VW’s home market of Germany, which researchers pegged at 2.6 million.
That number includes cars sold under the main Volkswagen brand, as well as Audi, Seat, and Skoda.
Volkswagen Golf TDI 2010
It also dwarfs the roughly 560,000 cars in the U.S. confirmed to have illegal “defeat device” software, and that are subject to settlements mandating buybacks, modifications, and restitution for owners.
While the diesel vehicles studied were sold only in Germany, their emissions affected people in other European countries, according to the study.
Of the 1,200 premature deaths predicted by the study, 500 were in Germany, while the rest were in other countries.
It’s just like the original Zoe, but this version of Renault’s electric car goes on and on.
Portugal, Renault, and electric cars are becoming indivisibly linked in my mind. I test drove the Renault Fluence in Lisbon in November 2011, and then the Renault Zoe a few miles up the coast in March 2013. I liked both cars, but with effective touring ranges of around 80 miles, I’d be the first to admit they had their limitations.
The latest version of the Zoe, the Z.E. 40, is an attempt to address that limitation. While the 2013 model had a 22kWh battery, the 2017 incarnation packs nearly twice as much energy: 41kWh, to be precise, with a real-world range of about 190 miles.
Renault ZOE (image: Ars Technica)
Same-sized battery, twice the range
The increase in battery capacity is a pretty impressive achievement when you consider that the lithium-ion pack occupies the same space as the old unit and weighs only 15 kilos more.
Developed by LG Chem, the new battery has improved chemistry and a redesigned internal structure that has increased the active surface area within the cells by 10 percent. The individual cells are now also thicker and the empty space between them has been reduced. If that all sounds a bit vague, it’s because neither Renault or LG Chem are about to spill the really interesting technical beans.
Renault ZOE, Battery illustration (image: Renault)
The end result of fitting a higher-capacity battery is that the Zoe 40 has an NEDC-certified range of 250 miles or, as Renault freely admits, a real-world summer range of 186 miles. It reckons that figure drops to 124 miles in full-on winter running.
Fair weather notwithstanding I didn’t quite manage to hit that magic 186-mile range. On two long-distance runs that included a mix of high-speed motorway driving and energetic hustling along Portugal’s back roads, I managed to get 175 and 163 miles from two full charges.
The second run included a rapid approach into Lisbon along the A8 from Caldas da Rainha with my foot down and the Zoe bowling along at close to its maximum speed. The weather was mild during the test so the climate-control system was seldom needed, but a fair amount of night-time driving was involved. The Zoe’s headlights may be efficient but they are also dismal.
Considering that on both days of the test I found myself running behind schedule and was therefore driving in a manner that I’d politely describe as energetic, I was happy with those range numbers. Improving on them really wouldn’t have been difficult.
But as with all electric cars it’s the psychology of range that is as important as the actuality. Because each morning the Zoe 40 told me I had a minimum of around 180 miles of range rather than 90 I didn’t experience the kind of range anxiety induced by the original model.
Even when forced to double back in the middle of nowhere because of a flooded road, take a 15 mile detour, and drive down a rutted track in the pitch dark (satnavs and Portugal are not a stellar combination), my range-sphincter didn’t pucker.
Warning: preg_match(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in C:\inetpub\vhosts\fuelincluded.com\httpdocs\wp-content\plugins\maxbuttons\assets\libraries\simplehtmldom\simple_html_dom.php on line 1389
Warning: preg_match_all(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in C:\inetpub\vhosts\fuelincluded.com\httpdocs\wp-content\plugins\maxbuttons\assets\libraries\simplehtmldom\simple_html_dom.php on line 694
Warning: foreach() argument must be of type array|object, null given in C:\inetpub\vhosts\fuelincluded.com\httpdocs\wp-content\plugins\maxbuttons\assets\libraries\simplehtmldom\simple_html_dom.php on line 701
Warning: preg_match_all(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in C:\inetpub\vhosts\fuelincluded.com\httpdocs\wp-content\plugins\maxbuttons\assets\libraries\simplehtmldom\simple_html_dom.php on line 694
Warning: foreach() argument must be of type array|object, null given in C:\inetpub\vhosts\fuelincluded.com\httpdocs\wp-content\plugins\maxbuttons\assets\libraries\simplehtmldom\simple_html_dom.php on line 701
